Chronology of Important Dates Since White Settlement

NOTE: A Short History of Australia by Ernest Scott, from which this chronology was taken, was published before 1950. It contains no references to Aboriginal history and no references to the relationship between new settlers and the Aboriginal people. Since the preparation of this chronology there have been significant developments in the relationship between Aborigines and non-aboriginal people. A chronology published this century would acknowledge the fact that Aborigines have occupied Australia for over 40,000 years, as evidenced by the human remains found at Lake Mungo in south-western New South Wales.

	1486	Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope.
	1497	Vasco da Gama sails to India via the Cape.
	1512	Portuguese discover the Moluccas.
	1520	Magellan enters the Pacific.
	1567	Alvarez discovers the Solomon Islands.
	1595	Cornelius Houtman pilots Dutch ships to the East Indies.
	1598	Dutch established at Java.
	1606	Quiros discovers the New Hebrides.
		Discovery of Torres Strait.
		The DUYFKEN in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
	1611	Brouwer's new route to the East.
	1616	Dirk Hartog on the Western Australian coast.
	1622	English ship TRIAL wrecked off the west coast.
	1627	Nuytsland discovered.
	1636	Van Diemen Governor of Dutch East Indies.
	1642	Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land and New Zealand.
	1644	Tasman in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
	1688	Dampier in the CYGNET in Australian waters.
	1699	Dampier in the ROEBUCK in Shark's Bay.
	1768	Cook's ENDEAVOUR voyage.
	1770	Cook's discovery of New South Wales.
	1772	Cook's RESOLUTION voyage.
	1779	Banks suggests founding a convict settlement at Botany Bay.
	1782	End of the American War of Independence.
	1783	Matra's plan of colonization in New South Wales.
	1785	Sir George Young's plan.
	1786	Determination to found a settlement at Botany Bay.
	1788	Foundation of Sydney.
		Laperouse in Botany Bay.
	1789	Establishment of New South Wales Corps.
		Settlement of Norfolk Island.
	1792	End of Phillip's governorship.
	1792-5	Administration of Grose and Paterson.
	1795	Hunter Governor of New South Wales.
	1795-6	Bass and Flinders make voyages in the TOM THUMB.
	1797	John Macarthur buys merino sheep.
		Discovery of coal.
	1798	Bass discovers Bass Strait and Westernport.
		Bass and Flinders circumnavigate Tasmania in the Norfolk.
	1800	King Governor of New South Wales.
		Voyage of the LADY NELSON from England.
		Flinders's voyage in the INVESTIGATOR.
	1802	Murray discovers Port Phillip.
		Flinders meets Baudin in Encounter Bay.
	1803	Flinders circumnavigates Australia.
		Wreck of the PORPOISE.
		Flinders imprisoned in Mauritius.
		Collins's Port Phillip Settlement.
	1804	Foundation of Hobart.
		Settlement at Port Dalrymple.
	1806	Bligh Governor of New South Wales.
	1807	Arrest of John Macarthur.
	1808	Mutiny in New South Wales; deposition of Bligh.
	1809	Macquarie Governor of New South Wales.
	1810	Extinction of New South Wales Corps.
		Liberation of Flinders.
	1813	BlaxIand discovers a way across the Blue Mountains.
		Evans discovers the Bathurst plains.
		Davey Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land.
	1814	Death of Flinders.
		Establishment of Civil Court in New South Wales.
	1816	Bank of New South Wales founded.
	1817	Oxley explores the Lachlan.
	1818	Oxley explores the Macquarie.
	1819	Commissioner Bigge in New South Wales.
	1821	Brisbane Governor of New South Wales.
	1823	New South Wales Judicature Act passed.
		Oxley in Moreton Bay.
	1824	Wentworth's AUSTRALIAN.
		Foundation of Brisbane.
	1824	Annexation of Bathurst and Melville Islands.
		Hume and Hovell's expedition to Port Phillip.
	1825	Alteration of western boundary of New South Wales.
		Lockyer explores the Brisbane River.
		Arthur Governor of Van Diemen's Land.
	1826	The ASTROLABE at Westernport.
		Settlement at Westernport.
		Darling Governor of New South Wales.
	1827	Lockyer's Settlement at King George's Sound.
		Darling's law to regulate the press.
		Alan Cunningham explores the Liverpool Range and the Darling Downs.
		Stirling examines the Swan River.
	1828	Enlargement of the Legislative Council of New South W ales.
		Westernport Settlement abandoned.
		Sturt discovers the Darling.
	1829	Annexation of the Swan River.
		Whole of Australia claimed as British territory.
		The PARMELIA conveys first immigrants to Swan River.
		Publication of Wakefield's LETTER FROM SYDNEY.
	1830	Accession of William IV.
		Act establishing trial by jury in New South Wales.
		Sturt explores the Murray to the sea.
		Perth founded.
		Governor Arthur's 'Black Drive.'
	1834	Act to establish Colony of South Australia.
		The Hentys settle at Portland.
		The Dorsetshire labourers transported.
	1835	John Batman in Port Phillip.
	1836	Mitchell explores Australia Felix.
		Adelaide founded.
		Lonsdale takes charge of the Port Phillip Settlement.
		Bourke's grazing licences policy.
	1837	Accession of Queen Victoria.
		Melbourne named.
		House of Commons Committee on Transportation.
	1837-40	George Grey's explorations in Western Australia.
	1838	Gawler Governor of South Australia.
		Military settlement at Port Essington.
	1839	Latrobe appointed superintendent of Port Phillip.
		Strzeleeki finds traces of gold.
	1839	Death of John Batman.
		Lord Durham's report on the state of Canada.
		McMillan's first expedition to Gippsland.
		Abandonment of Moreton Bay Settlement.
	1840	Order in Council discontinuing transportation to Australia.
		Eyre starts for the centre of the continent.
		Strzelecki's journey through Gippsland.
	1841	Grey appointed Governor of South Australia.
	1842	Robert Lowe in New South Wales.
		Act for the Government of N.S.W. and Van Diemen's Land passed.
	1843	Ridley invents the stripper.
	1844	Convicts shipped to Port Phillip.
		Sturt's journey to the interior.
		Leichhardt's first exploring expedition.
	1845	Grey appointed Governor of New Zealand.
		Burra copper mine discovered.
	1846	Fitzroy 'Governor-General' of Australia.
		Lieutenant Yule hoists British flag in New Guinea.
	1847	Gold found in Port Phillip.
		The Gladstone Colony at Port Curtis.
	1848	Melbourne elects Lord Grey to the Legislative Council.
		Leichhardt's last expedition.
	1849	The RANDOLPH in Hobson's Bay: resistance to convict immigration.
		Port Essington abandoned.
	1850	Western Australia becomes a penal colony.
		University of Sydney founded.
		Australian Colonies Government Act passed.
		Railway from Sydney to Goulburn built.
	1851	Separation of Victoria from New South Wales.
		Hargreaves digs for gold on Summerhill Creek.
		Gold found at Ballarat.
		The diggings commence.
	1852	University of Melbourne founded.
	1853	Tasmania named.
		Town of Gladstone founded.
		French annexation of New Caledonia.
	1854	The Eureka Stockade.
		Hobson's Bay railway built.
	1855	Transportation to Norfolk Island ceased
	1855	New constitutions come into effect in New South Wales, Victoria,
		South Australia, and Tasmania.
		Ballot Act passed in Victoria.
		First anti-Chinese legislation passed.
	1858	Torrens Real Property Act passed.
	1859	Colony of Queensland proclaimed.
		Kingsley's GEOFFREY HAMLYN published.
	1860	McDouall Stuart reaches the centre of the continent.
	1861	Burke and Wills expedition.
		Cowper's quarrel with the New South Wales Legislative Council.
	1862	McDouall Stuart crosses the continent to Port Darwin
		Duffy's Land Act.
	1863	South Australia undertakes to administer the Northern Territory.
		New Caledonia a convict colony.
	1865	McCuIloch proposes protection in Victoria.
	1867	End of transportation to Western Australia.
		Gold discovered at Gympie.
		The Darling grant controversy.
	1868	First Queensland Act to regulate Kanaka labour
	1869	John Forrest's journey in search of Leichhardt.
	1870	British troops withdrawn from Australia.
		Adam Lindsay Gordon died.
	1872	Overland telegraph line from Adelaide to Port Darwin constructed.
	1873	John Forrest explores the interior.
		Moresby's discoveries in New Guinea.
		Stephens's 'free, compulsory, and secular' Education Act.
	1874	University of Adelaide founded.
		John Forrest's journey from Perth to Adelaide.
		Fiji annexed by Great Britain.
		Clarke's FOR THE TERM OF HIS NATURAL LIFE published.
	1875	Ernest Giles's inland journey.
	1877	Dispute as to payment of members in Victoria.
		High Commissionership of the Pacific established.
		Brunton Stephens's poem, THE DOMINION OF AUSTRALIA, published.
	1878	Black Wednesday' (January 8).
	1879	First Australian Trade Union Congress.
	1880	Capture of the Kelly Gang.
	1880	Payment of members carried in Victoria.
	1881	Reform of the Victorian Legislative Council.
	1882	Discovery of Mount Morgan.
		The Kimberley gold rush.
		Henry Clarence Kendall died.
	1883	Silver discovered at Broken Hill.
		McIlwraith annexes New Guinea.
	1884	German annexation of Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, the Bismarck
		Archipelago, and Samoa.
	1885	Federal Council established.
		Soudan contingent from New South Wales.
	1887	Anglo-French Condominium in the New Hebrides.
		First Colonial Conference.
	1888	Intercolonial Conference on Chinese immigration.
		ROBBERY UNDER ARMS published.
	1890	Great maritime strike.
		University of Tasmania founded.
	1891	First Federal Convention.
	1892	Coolgardie gold-field discovered.
	1893	Corowa Conference on Federation.
	1894	Women's enfranchisement in South Australia.
	1895	Victorian Wages Board system established.
		Paterson's THE MAN FROM SNOWY RIVER published.
	1896	Henry Lawson's IN THE DAYS WHEN THE WORLD WAS WIDE published.
	1897	The second Colonial Conference.
	1897-8	The Federal Convention.
	1898	First Federal Referendum.
	1899	Second Federal Referendum.
		First Labour Government (Queensland).
		Australian contingents sent to South African War.
	1900	The Commonwealth Constitution before the Imperial Parliament.
	1901	(May 9) First Commonwealth Parliament opened.
	1902	Immigration Restriction Act passed.
		Third Colonial Conference.
	1903	First Deakin Government.
		Amended Naval Agreement.
	1904	The Watson Government.
		Reid-McLean Government.
		Dalgety selected as site for federal capital.
	1905	Second Deakin Government.
	1906	Amended Anglo-French agreement as to New Hebrides.
	1907	Act for construction of Kalgoorlie to Port Augusta railway passed.
		Imperial Conference.
	1908	First Fisher Government.
		Revocation of choice of Dalgety. Canberra finally selected as site of federal capital.
	1909	Third Deakin Government.
		Imperial Defence Conference.
		Compulsory military service instituted in Australia.
		Lord Kitchener's report.
	1910	University of Brisbane founded.
		Second Fisher Government.
	1911	Referendum for amendment of constitution.
		Admiral Henderson's naval report.
		Imperial Conference.
	1912	University of Perth founded.
	1913	Cook Government.
		Referendum for amendment of constitution.
		The AUSTRALIA completed.
	1914	Third Fisher Government.
		Great European War.
		Fight between the SYDNEY and EMDEN at Cocos (November).
	1915	Hughes Government.
		Anzac.
	1916	First Conscription Referendum.
	1917	Second Conscription Referendum.
		Transcontinental Railway opened.
	1918	Great battle on the Somme (August 8); capture of Mont St. Quentin by Australian forces.
		Defeat and surrender of Germany.
	1919	Ross and Keith Smith fly from England to Australia by aeroplane.
	1920	Visit of the Prince of Wales to Australia.
	1923	End of Hughes Government.
		Stanley Bruce Prime Minister.
	1924	Visit of Special Service squadron of the Royal Navy to Australia.
	1927	Federal Parliament opened by Duke of York at the Commonwealth capital, Canberra.
	1928	Flight by Bert Hinkler from England to Australia, and by Kingsford
		Smith and Ulm from America to Australia and from Australia to New Zealand.
	1929	J. Scullin Prime Minister.
	1930	First Australian-born Governor-General appointed: Sir Isaac Isaacs.
	1931	Statute of Westminster.
	1932	Opening of Sydney Harbour Bridge.
		J. A. Lyons Prime Minister.
		Imperial Conference at Ottawa.
	1934	Victorian Centenary celebrations attended by the Duke of Gloucester.
	1935	Italy attacks Abyssinia.
		Jubilee of King George V.
	1936	Death of King George V
		accession and later abdication of King Edward VIII
		accession of the Duke of York as King George VI.
	1938	The 'Munich Crisis.'
	1939	Death of J. A. Lyons; R. G. Menzies becomes Prime Minister.
		Second World War begins.
	1940	Australian forces share in North African campaigns.
	1941	Tobruk.
		A. W. Fadden Prime Minister, August-October.
		John Curtin Prime Minister.
	1942	Darwin bombed and Rabaul captured by Japanese
		Battle of El Alamein.
	1943	Italy defeated and Mussolini overthrown.
	1944	Invasion of Europe and Battle of Normandy.
		Defeat of Referendum on increased powers for Commonwealth.
		General MacArthur lands in the Philippines.
	1945	Defeat of Germany (May).
		United Nations' Charter signed.
		26th January 1988 - Bicentenary of White Settlement

The First Execution In The Colony - Corner Essex St & Harrington Street

The First Execution -  Cnr Essex & Harrington Streets

In 1788 Convict Thomas Barrett Stole Some Butter, Peas And Pork From Camp Provisions. 

This is as far as he got. A Gallows Tree Located Here Between the Male And Female Convict Camps Was Used For The deed.

The Convict Thomas Barrett Engraved The Silver Charlotte Medallion On Board The Charlottwe in Botany Bay 1788

Hyde Park - Sydney

HYDE PARK 

- first race course and cricket ground

GREEN HISTORICAL MARKER 90

Historical Marker Located On Elizabeth Street, across the road from the Synagogue. 

December 1792, prior to his departure, Governor Philip and his desire to preserve parklands for posterity, expressed a wish in writing that no part of the town should be least you’re granted, and that all grounds within the area marked out for the Twp wants to be considered the property government.

Alas Governor King, in 1801, granted five year leases. 14 years,-inconvenience required for government use.

On 6 October 1810, after we meeting several other streets after the members of the royal family, McQuarrie stated that the whole of the open ground your unoccupied in the vicinity through to no one else called by the names of the common, exercising ground, cricket ground, and racecourse, bounded by the government domain on the north, The town of Sydney on the west, the Brickfields on the south, and Mr Palmer’s premises on the list, and send it in future for the recreation and amusement of inhabitants of the town, and as a field of exercise for trips, the government governor has thought of it tonight in the ground as described Hyde Park.

With this proclamation is excellent see you got the Caboose on brick makers from the Brookfield we were in coaching on government land and stealing clay.

For generations have roads, buildings, sheds, and etc. The present area of Hyde Park is 41 acres.

The 73rd regiment, which arrived in Sydney with Governor McQuarrie on December 1809, help the first race meeting in Hyde Park on 15 October 1810. The grandstands to the opposite market Street and horses with the keys on a circular course leftwards to the con Vic Barricks, pasta side of Saint Mary’s chapel today, along College Street to Bathurst Street, that’s a sweet towards Elizabeth Street, I’m down the street to the winning post at market Street, Distance of 1/4 mile. Of 20 October 1810, reporting results, mentions a plate,, for horses of all ages-the best of 32 mile heaps. And,.

Racing and cricket matches with my part for many years until more modern courses and cricket pictures were active elsewhere.

A Statue Of Governor Macquarie At The Northern Most Section Of The Park Near Queens Square And St James.

Right From The Very Beginning When Governor Arthur
Phillip And The First Fleet Arrived In 1788, The Area Around The Hyde Park Area Was A Flat Scrub  Land. The Tank Stream Originated From The Top Of the Area Near Hyde Park Barracks And St Marys Cathedral And Slithered Down To The Start Of George Street At Circular Quay and Emptied Into Sydney Cove In A Tidal Estuary.




The Eora Tribes That Lived Around Sydney Cove And Farm Cove Used The Area For Ceremonial Payback, And This Practice Continued Right Up Until Around 1818 When Governor Macquarie Banned It Totally From The City Area. Up Until that
Times There Was Ceremonial Payback Happening And The Convicts And The Marines Alike a Would Drink Rum And Bet On Who Would Die In These Events.


By The 1820’s The Original Tank Stream Had Just Become A Polluted Little Trickle Of Water And Whatever Waste Had Been Thrown In As Well. It Has Been Said That You Could Smell The Rocks 3 Miles Out To Sea

St Mary’s Cathedral And Queens Square Near Hyde Park Barracks. 

On The St James Side and Supreme Court Sits Queen Victoria In All Her Royal Ragalia, And On The Other Side On The Hyde Barracks And The Mint Sits Alfred, Queen Victoria’s Royal Consort Ever Watching Over His Queen. 

The Two Statues Were Positioned That Way After An Assassination Attempt On a Queen Victoria As She Rode Through The Mall, And Alfred Got Up And Took The Bullet For To Protect His Queen. He  Never Fully Recovered, And Just As Buckingham

Palace Was finally Finished And Ready For Her Majesty Queen Victoria And The Royal Family

to Move Into Alfred Contracted Typhoid And Died.

There Was No Sanitation At Buckingham Palace at The Time Of It’s Completion. 

JOHN FRAZER

John Frazer’s gift to the city came at the end of a comparatively short, but eventful life. Born in Ireland in 1827 he arrived in Australia, penniless, in 1841. Frazer set up his own wholesale grocery business in 1847. By the late 1850’s he had moved into partnership and larger premises, becoming a land speculator in the 1860’s and opening two large commercial premises in the city by the early 1870’s. In 1874 he was nominated to the NSW Legislative Council, and by this time he had retired from his own business concerns. His philanthropic activities were wide-ranging, including gifts to a variety of religious, cultural and educational causes.

Hyde Park, located in the heart of Sydney, New South Wales, is the oldest public park in Australia and holds a rich history. It has served various purposes over the years and remains a beloved green space in the city. Here is an overview of the history and highlights of Hyde Park:

History:

1. Colonial Origins: Hyde Park was established in 1810, making it Sydney's oldest public park. It was originally set aside as a common area for the enjoyment of the public and was part of Governor Lachlan Macquarie's efforts to create public spaces within the city.

2. Name Origin: The park's name, "Hyde Park," is thought to be a nod to London's famous Hyde Park. It was named by Governor Macquarie, who had a vision of Sydney as a city with green spaces similar to those in London.

3. Various Uses: Over the years, Hyde Park has served various purposes. In the early 19th century, it was used for recreational activities such as horse racing, cricket, and even military drills. The park has also been the site of public gatherings and protests throughout its history.

4. Architectural Additions: In the mid-19th century, several architectural features were added to the park, including the Archibald Fountain (1932), which was a gift from a newspaper owner and is a popular focal point in the park. The fountain depicts figures from Greek mythology.

5. War Memorials: Hyde Park features several war memorials, including the Anzac War Memorial (1934-1935), which honors Australian and New Zealand soldiers who served in World War I. It is an important site for remembrance and commemoration.

6. Green Spaces: Hyde Park offers a respite from the bustling city, with well-maintained lawns, walkways, and mature trees. It provides a peaceful setting for picnics, leisurely strolls, and outdoor activities.

Highlights:

1. Archibald Fountain: The Archibald Fountain is one of Hyde Park's most iconic features. It is a beautiful and intricate fountain surrounded by a circular pond, and it serves as a gathering spot and a popular subject for photography.

2. Anzac War Memorial: This memorial is a significant highlight of Hyde Park. It features a striking Art Deco design and houses a museum that commemorates the sacrifices of Australian soldiers in various conflicts.

3. Sandringham Gardens: This section of the park features lush gardens, a pond, and a statue of King Edward VII. It's a peaceful area to relax and enjoy the scenery.

4. Events and Performances: Hyde Park hosts various events and performances throughout the year, including outdoor concerts, festivals, and cultural celebrations. The park comes alive during these events.

5. Relaxation and Recreation: Whether you're looking for a place to relax with a book, enjoy a picnic, or simply take a leisurely stroll, Hyde Park provides ample opportunities for recreation and relaxation amidst the urban environment.

Hyde Park's historical significance, beautiful landscaping, and iconic landmarks make it a cherished public space in Sydney. It continues to serve as a place for both reflection and recreation, offering residents and visitors a tranquil oasis in the heart of the city.